The R/3 basis software is the set of programs and tools which interfaces with the computer operating system, the underlying database, the communication protocols, and the presentation interfaces. This software enables the R/3 applications (FI, CO, SD, etc.) to have the same functionality and work exactly the same way no matter what operating system or database the system is installed on. The R/3 basis software is an independent layer that guarantees the integration of all application modules. When referring to the basis software in this sense, it is generally known as the R/3 common kernel or R/3 middleware. Kernel and middleware have become generic computing terms which are widely used: kernel usually refers to the core or nucleus of a system; middleware means a set of programs which allows an independent interface between an upper layer and a lower layer (it stands in the middle).
Note Although applications functionality is the same on all platforms, there are some differences, for instance in the transactions that deal with the management of the database or the operating system. Additionally, adjustments in the ABAP code must sometimes be made on the AS/400 platform, since it runs on the EBCDIC character code, instead of ASCII−for example, some SELECT statements might differ from those used in other platforms. Often these terms are also referred to as the R/3 basis system or simply R/3 basis, both of which have a broader meaning. Besides the interfaces with the other system elements such as the operating system, database, network, and user interface, the tools and components of the R/3 basis provide the following:
Note Although applications functionality is the same on all platforms, there are some differences, for instance in the transactions that deal with the management of the database or the operating system. Additionally, adjustments in the ABAP code must sometimes be made on the AS/400 platform, since it runs on the EBCDIC character code, instead of ASCII−for example, some SELECT statements might differ from those used in other platforms. Often these terms are also referred to as the R/3 basis system or simply R/3 basis, both of which have a broader meaning. Besides the interfaces with the other system elements such as the operating system, database, network, and user interface, the tools and components of the R/3 basis provide the following:
The environment for the R/3 applications, built on the ABAP development workbench and the ABAP repository, which includes the ABAP data dictionary (centralized logical repository with all the business and system data).
1. This environment also has the work−bench organizer and the transport system to facilitate the modification and enhancement of the system and the integration of new developments across systems.
2. System administration and monitoring tools, including a common printing system and a complex and comprehensive set of management transactions within the CCMS (computer center management system), which is used to monitor, tune, and control the R/3 system.
3. Architectural software client/server design, which permits system growth and allows the distribution of available resources.
4. Authorization and profile management tools, which take care of user management and internal access control to system and business objects.
5. Database monitoring and administration utilities.
These R/3 basis topics are covered in greater detail in the following chapters. This chapter discusses the central interfaces and the client/server architecture. As shown in Fig. 2−1, the R/3 middleware uses common APIs (application program interfaces) and has the function of interfacing with the underlying operating system, the database, the communication protocols, and
the GUIs. The features of the R/3 basis system which enable these types of interfaces are as follows:
5. Database monitoring and administration utilities.
These R/3 basis topics are covered in greater detail in the following chapters. This chapter discusses the central interfaces and the client/server architecture. As shown in Fig. 2−1, the R/3 middleware uses common APIs (application program interfaces) and has the function of interfacing with the underlying operating system, the database, the communication protocols, and
the GUIs. The features of the R/3 basis system which enable these types of interfaces are as follows:
1. The client/server architecture and configuration
2. The use of relational database management systems
3. Graphical user interface design for presentation
The R/3 basis system is based on standards: ANSI−C and C++ for the programming of the runtime environment, Open SQL for embedded SQL calls inside ABAP for interfacing with the database, communication standards such as TCP/IP, and standard graphical interfaces such as Microsoft Windows, Motif, or Macintosh.
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